Transfusion-related outcomes: investigating the interplay between blood transfusions, deep vein thrombosis, arterial thromboembolism, and mortality rates in Saudi Arabia

Blood transfusions are integral to modern medical practice, playing a crucial role in managing various medical conditions. However, concerns have arisen regarding potential complications associated with transfusions, particularly their impact on haemostasis and thrombotic events. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and arterial thromboembolism (ATE), serious complications linked to altered haemostasis, present challenges to patient care, and require a nuanced understanding of their relationship with blood transfusions. This retrospective, population-based, cohort study investigated the association between blood transfusions, venous thromboembolism (VTE), ATE and subsequent mortality in patients undergoing recurrent blood transfusions. A total of 1000 patients who received red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and cryoprecipitate between 2015 and 2022 were analysed. Post-transfusion occurrences of VTE and ATE were assessed using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent risk factors. Multivariable regression analysis revealed a significant association between platelet transfusion and increased odds of development of ATE. However, no correlation was found between blood transfusions and the development of DVT. Notably, patients aged 55–69 years in the blood transfusion cohort exhibited a higher risk of DVT (p < 0.05), particularly those without chronic or cardiovascular diseases. Haematological diseases increased the demand for platelets and FFP, while patients without chronic diseases favoured platelet transfusions. Furthermore, patients with haematological or malignancy diseases, free of chronic diseases, had a higher likelihood of mortality within the blood transfusion cohort. Although the cause-and-effect relationship remains undetermined, these findings underscore the significant association between platelet transfusions and the risk of ATE, emphasising the importance of vigilant blood transfusion management practices. The study’s outcomes would facilitate a clear understanding of the potential risks associated with blood transfusion, thereby aiding healthcare providers in making informed decisions, particularly in emergency medicine.

Blood transfusion; Venous thromboembolism; Arterial thromboembolism; Platelet transfusion

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